It also calls for accurate planning to control and prevent this disease, which has been implemented in high-risk areas. 20 Determining the distribution of vectors based on the Ecological Niche Model (ENM) can serve as a guideline to understand the ecology and distribution of diseases. However, Dirofilaria infection with Culex has been reported in this province. 17- 19 Infection with WNV has not been reported in Ardabil province. 13- 16 Various studies conducted on mosquitoes in the northwest of Iran, including Ardabil province have reported a high frequency of Culex species. 10- 12 Many studies have been carried out on the distribution of mosquitoes, especially larvae and distribution of Culex genus adults or larvae in different parts of Iran. 9 In Iran, WNV has been reported in several regions, especially central, southwestern, and northern Iran, 10 with the infection rate reported to be 1.3–5%. 8 West Nile fever was reported for the first time in Uganda in 1937. 7 The agent of West Nile fever belongs to the genus Flavivirus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. 4- 6 WNV is the re-emerging pathogen which threatens human health. Louis, Western Horse Encephalitis, Rift Valley Fever (RVF), and Oropouche fever. They include agents of parasitic diseases such as Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori and the important viral disease agents such as West Nile virus (WNV), Sindbis virus, Japanese encephalitis, St. In addition to human biting, they transmit numerous important diseases to humans. 3 Culex pipiens is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions such as Africa, Asia, Australia, and the tropical islands. 2 Culex genus is classified into 26 subgenera and 769 species. 1 At least 3531 species of mosquitoes (Culicidae, Diptera) including 112 genera have been reported in the world. Mosquito-borne diseases are one of the most important health problems in the world.
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